Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish mathematician, believed that the sun was at the center of the universe. His model placed Earth and the other planets in orbits around the sun. Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a heliocentric model of the universe which placed the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the center
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientifiy c revolution, he is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy.
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei, was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. Galileo believed that new knowledge could come through experiments that were carefully carried out. He changed Aristotle's idea that the heavier the object is, the faster it falls. Galileo found clear evidence supporting Copernicus’s view that Earth revolves around the Sun.
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematician who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time as a key figure in the scientist revolution. It was told that he was sitting in the garden one day when he watched an apple fall to the ground. The apple's fall led him to think of gravity, or the pull of the Earth and other bodies on object at or near their surface. In a book called Principia, published in 1687, Newton stated his laws, or well-tested theories, about the motion of objects in space and on Earth.
Rene Descartes
One of the most important scientific thinkers was Frenchman Rene Descartes. In 1637 he wrote the book Discourse on Method, in this book, Descartes began with the problem of knowing what is true. To Descartes this fact was like an experience much like his. He clarified
this idea by the phrase, “I think, therefore I am.” He also claims that mathematics was the source of science truth. In mathematics the answers were always true. This was because mathematics began with simple, obvious principles and then used logic to move gradually to other truths. Today he is known as the founder of modern rationalism.
this idea by the phrase, “I think, therefore I am.” He also claims that mathematics was the source of science truth. In mathematics the answers were always true. This was because mathematics began with simple, obvious principles and then used logic to move gradually to other truths. Today he is known as the founder of modern rationalism.
Francis Bacon
Scientists were also influenced by English thinker Francis Bacon, he lived from the 1561 - 1626. He believed that ideas based on tradition should put aside. He also developed the scientific Method, an orderly way of collecting and analyzing evidence.
Robert Hooke
In the mid-1600s, an English scientist named Robert Hooke began using a microscope, and he soon discovered cells, the smallest structures of living material.
Andreas Vesalius
In the 1500s, a Flemish doctor named Andreas Vesalius began dissecting dead human bodies for research. 1543 Vesalius published On the Structure of the Human Body. In this work, he presented a detailed account of the human body that replaced Galen's idea.
Ambroise Pare
Ambroise Pare was a French barber surgeon who served in that role for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III.
William Harvey
In the early 1600s, William Harvey, an English doctor, proved that blood flowed through the human body. In the mid-1600s, an English scientist named Robert Hooke began using a microscope, and he soon discovered cells, the smallest structures of living material.
Robert Boyle
In the mid- 1600s, Robert Boyle, an Irish scientist, proved that all substances are made up of basic elements that cannot be broken down. Robert Boyle, was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, also noted for his writings in theology.
Antoine Lavoisier
European scientists of the 1700s developed ways to study gases. They discovered hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. By 1777, Antoine Lavoisier of France had proven that materials need oxygen to burn. Marie Lavoisier, also a scientist, contributed to her husband’s work.
Scientific Method
Scientific Method is an orderly way of collecting and analyzing evidence. It is still the process used in scientific research today. The scientific method is made up of several steps. First a scientist begins with careful observation of facts and then tries to find a hypothesis. Through experiments, the scientist tests the hypothesis under all possible conditions to see if it is true. Finally, if repeated, experiments show that the hypothesis is true, and then it is considered a scientific law.
Sun-centered universe
Copernicus proposed that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the Solar System. Such a model is called a heliocentric system. The ordering of the planets known to Copernicus in this new system is illustrated in the following figure, which we recognize as the modern ordering of those planets.